What does "patient out-of-pocket payment" include?

Patient out-of-pocket payment encompasses the costs that a patient is responsible for paying directly, which typically includes services and items that are not covered by insurance. This can involve payments for specific treatments, medications, or procedures that the insurance plan does not reimburse. Thus, option B accurately defines this concept.

While other options may touch upon aspects of patient payments, they do not capture the full spectrum of out-of-pocket expenses as effectively. For example, the first option suggests that out-of-pocket payments only consist of copayments made at the time of care, which is too narrow a definition. The third option implies that out-of-pocket payments also include indirect costs like premium sharing, which are not direct payments for care. Finally, the last option suggests that all medical costs are included, which may encompass costs fully covered by insurance, and therefore is more expansive than the specific out-of-pocket payments the question addresses.